Why do teeth move?

Why Teeth Move as We Age: Causes and Prevention

As we age, it is not uncommon for our teeth to undergo some changes in position. This movement can be attributed to various factors, including bone loss and shrinkage. Understanding tooth movement’s causes and preventive measures can help maintain a healthy smile as you age. This information leaflet aims to provide an overview of the causes and prevention of tooth movement, as well as dental procedures that can assist in addressing this issue.

Causes of Tooth Movement:

1. Bone Loss and Shrinkage: One of the primary reasons for tooth movement as we age is bone tissue’s natural loss and shrinkage. This bone loss occurs due to osteoporosis, which is more common in older adults. As the jawbone loses density and shrinks, the teeth can become less stable, leading to shifting or tilting.
2. Periodontal Disease: Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is another significant cause of tooth movement. This condition affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums and jawbone. Periodontal disease can lead to bone loss if left untreated, making the teeth more susceptible to movement.
3. Tooth Loss: Missing teeth can cause adjacent teeth to shift over time. When a tooth is lost, the surrounding teeth may start to move into the space, seeking support. This movement can disrupt the alignment of your teeth and potentially lead to further oral health issues.
4. Oral cancer: In my 30 years on the island, I have seen 3 cases of oral cancer and tooth movement. Xrays are essential; Tooth movement occurs rapidly for no reason – Rare but it’s vital that you have any tooth movement checked
5. Orthodontics: Relapse of orthodontics can cause tooth movement – so ensure that retainers are worn all of the time
6. Soft Tissue: In some cases, the lips and the tongue may cause the teeth to move – in cases where a lip lies under the upper front teeth – and OVERJET – the overjet can be made worse due to constant pressure of the tissues on the teeth

Prevention of Tooth Movement:

1. Maintain Good Oral Hygiene: Proper oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing (at least twice daily) and flossing, help prevent gum disease and tooth loss. It is essential to remove plaque and bacteria to maintain the health of your teeth and gums.
2. Visit Your Dentist Regularly: Regular dental check-ups are crucial for detecting any early signs of gum disease or other dental problems. Your dentist can provide professional cleanings, identify issues early on, and offer appropriate treatments to prevent tooth movement.
3. Address Tooth Loss Promptly: If you experience tooth loss, replacing the missing tooth or teeth as soon as possible is essential. Dental implants, bridges, or dentures can help restore missing teeth and prevent adjacent teeth from shifting into empty spaces.
4. Orthodontic Treatment: In some cases, orthodontic treatment may be necessary to correct tooth movement. Braces, clear aligners, or other orthodontic appliances can help realign teeth and improve their stability.

Dental Procedures to Address Tooth Movement:

1. Dental Implants: Dental implants are an effective long-term solution for replacing missing teeth. They involve surgically placing a titanium post into the jawbone, which acts as an artificial tooth root. Once the implant integrates with the bone, a crown is attached, providing a stable and natural-looking replacement tooth.
2. Dental Bridges: Dental bridges fill the gap created by one or more missing teeth. They consist of one or more artificial teeth, known as pontics, anchored to adjacent teeth or dental implants. Bridges help restore both functionality and aesthetics while preventing tooth movement.
3. Orthodontic Treatment: As mentioned earlier, orthodontic treatment, such as braces or clear aligners, can address tooth movement and correct misalignments. These treatments apply gentle pressure to move teeth into their proper positions gradually.
4. Periodontal Treatments: Periodontal treatments may be necessary if tooth movement is caused by gum disease. Scaling and root planing, antibiotics, or surgical interventions may be recommended to remove plaque and tartar buildup, reduce infection, and restore gum health.

Remember, it is essential to consult with your dentist or orthodontist to determine the most suitable treatment option based on your specific situation.

Conclusion:

Tooth movement as we age can be influenced by bone loss, periodontal disease, and tooth loss. By maintaining good oral hygiene, regularly visiting your dentist, promptly addressing tooth loss, and considering orthodontic or restorative dental procedures, you can help prevent tooth movement and maintain a healthy, confident smile.